Step 1 - Cutting and barking a tree |

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Selecting a suitable tree and
measure the circumference. |
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Preparing to cut the tree and clearing the area. |
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Splitting the bark. |

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Peeling the bark. A tool called a spud is used to
peel the bark into a single continuous roll. |
Step 2 - Constructing the gunwales and inwales |

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Four small black spruce are used to make the canoes gunwales. |

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The inwales are cut and peeled and are lashed together at the
ends. |

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The inwales are lashed together with babiche (babiche is a strong durable string made from animal sinew). |

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A notched stick is used to spread the inwales. |